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There are three types of Western Porcelain. These are Hard-Paste, Soft-Paste and Bone China.
Hard-Paste is a mixture between petuntse, also known as China Stone, and kaolin, commonly known as china clay. Hard-Paste Porcelain is fired at a much higher heat than Soft-Paste, and, depending on the type of porcelain produced requires temperatures between 900C and 1400C. Meissen porcelain is usually Hard-Paste and fired in excess of 1350C.
Soft-Paste is a mixture of white clay and frit. This was fired at a lower temperature than Hard-Paste porcelain. Soft-Paste is usually fired between 12--C and 1150C. Soft-Paste was a European attempt to replicate China Porcelain.
Bone China is created by adding bone ash to the ingredients for Hard-Paste. This gives it a white appearance. Spode was the first manufacturer to introduce it.
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